Badania

Wybór artykułów na temat skuteczności neuro-lingwistycznej psychoterapii (NLPt)
dr Anna Wasiak, dr Ewa Hamerszmit, mgr Przemysław Turkowski
21.06.2024

W ostatniej dekadzie pojawiają się liczne badania eksperymentalne, a także metaanalizy i przeglądy systematyczne dotyczące skuteczności neuro-lingwistycznej psychoterapii (NLPt), głównie w obszarze leczenia skutków traumy, PTSD i cPTSD. Dzieje się tak w znacznej mierze dzięki upowszechnieniu się w połowie pierwszej dekady XXI wieku wiedzy na temat rekonsolidacji pamięci, który to mechanizm stanowi podłoże teoretyczne wyjaśniające szybkie, głębokie i trwałe zmiany zachodzące w procesie krótkoterminowej psychoterapii doświadczeniowej. Mechanizm ten jest uniwersalny, a interwencje o niego oparte są skuteczne zarówno w obszarze leczenia traumy jak i zaburzeń lękowych czy afektywnych. Dotychczas przeprowadzone badania wskazują także na wysoką efektywność oddziaływań z nurtu neuro-lingwistycznej psychoterapii także wśród osób doświadczających żałoby, trudności interpersonalnych, stresorów w pracy, niektórych chorób somatycznych, bólu i innych wyzwań wynikających ze zdarzeń życiowych.

W poniższym przeglądzie prezentujemy wybór wysokiej jakości artykułów na temat skuteczności NLPt. Dokumentują one badania przeprowadzone według wysokich standardów i opublikowane w czasopismach naukowych znajdujących się w wykazie czasopism naukowych i recenzowanych materiałów z konferencji międzynarodowych Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego.

Zestawienia artykułów (metaanalizy i przeglądy systematyczne)

Astill Wright, L., Horstmann, L., Holmes, E. A., & Bisson, J. I. (2021). Consolidation/reconsolidation therapies for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and re-experiencing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 453. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01570-w

Kitchiner, N. J., Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., & Bisson, J. I. (2019). Active duty and ex-serving military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder treated with psychological therapies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1684226. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1684226

Parker, P., Aston, J., & de Rijk, L. (2020). A systematic review of the evidence base for the Lightning Process. Explore, 17(4), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.07.014

Zaharia, C., Reiner, M., & Schütz, P. (2015). Evidence-based neuro linguistic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Psychiatria Danubina, 27(4), 355-363. PMID: 26609647.

Badania eksperymentalne z grupą kontrolną

Arroll, B., Henwood, S. M., Sundram, F. I., Kingsford, D. W., Mount, V., Humm, S. P., Wallace, H. B., & Pillai, A. (2017). A brief treatment for fear of heights. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 52(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217417703285

Braganza, D. J., Piedmont, R. L., Fox, J., Fialkowski, G. M., & Gray, R. M. (2019). Examining the clinical efficacy of core transformation: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Counseling & Development, 97(3), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12269

Crawley, E., Gaunt, D. M., Garfield, K., Hollingworth, W., Sterne, J. A. C., Beasant, L., Collin, S. M., Mills, N., & Montgomery, A. A. (2018). Clinical and cost-effectiveness of the Lightning Process in addition to specialist medical care for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome: Randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313375

Crawley, E., Mills, N., Hollingworth, W., Deans, Z., Sterne, J. A., Donovan, J. L., Beasant, L., & Montgomery, A. A. (2013). Comparing specialist medical care with specialist medical care plus the Lightning Process for chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (SMILE Trial). Trials, 14(1), 444. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-444

Doğan, A., Saritaş, S. (2021). The effects of neuro‐linguistic programming and guided imagery on the pain and comfort after open‐heart surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 36(3), 678-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.15325

Doğan, A., Doğan, R., Menekli, T., & Berktaş, H. B. (2022). Effect of neuro-linguistic programming on COVID-19 fear in kidney transplant patients: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 49, 101638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101638

Duncan, R.C., Konefal, J., Spechler, M.M. (1990) Effect of neurolinguistic programming training on self-actualization as measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory, Psychological Reports, 66(3, Pt 2), 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.2466/

Fauske, L., Bruland, Ø. S., Dahl, A. A., Myklebostad, A., & Reme, S. E. (2021). Does the Lightning Process Training Programme reduce chronic fatigue in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors? A mixed-methods pilot study. Cancers, 13(16), 4076. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164076

Gray, R., & Bourke, F. (2015). Remediation of intrusive symptoms of PTSD in fewer than five sessions: A 30-person pre-pilot study of the RTM Protocol. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 1(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.3119

Gray, R., Budden-Potts, D., & Bourke, F. (2017). Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of 74 male veterans. Psychotherapy Research, 27(5), 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2017.1408973

Gray, R., Budden-Potts, D., Schwall, R. J., & Bourke, F. (2020). An open-label randomized controlled trial of the reconsolidation of traumatic memories (RTM) in military women. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 13(6), 641-651. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000986

Hemmati Maslakpak, M., Farhadi, M., & Fereidoni, J. (2016). The effect of neuro-linguistic programming on occupational stress in critical care nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.174754

Parker, P., Banbury, S., & Chandler, C. (2020). Efficacy of the Rediscovery Process on alcohol use, impulsivity and flourishing: A preliminary randomised controlled study and preliminary cohort study. European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 4(13), 1-15.

Peng, Y., Lu, Y., Wei, W., Yu, J., Wang, D., Xiao, Y., Xu, J., & Wang, Z. (2015). The Effect of a Brief Intervention for Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 24(8), 1793-1802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.04.009

Reinhard, J., Peiffer, S., Sänger, N., Herrmann, E., Yoan, J., & Louwen, F. (2012). The effects of clinical hypnosis versus neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) before external cephalic version (ECV): A prospective off-centre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 626740. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/626740

Reinhard, J., Sänger, N., Hanker, L., Reichenbach, L., Yoan, J., & Herrmann, E., Louwen, F. (2013). Delivery mode and neonatal outcome after a trial of external cephalic version (ECV): A prospective trial of vaginal breech versus cephalic delivery. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 287(4), 663-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2617-5

Sahebalzamani, M. (2014). Efficacy of neurolinguistic programming training on mental health in nursing and midwifery students. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19(5), 503-507. PMID: 25400679; PMCID: PMC4223968.

Sekiguchi, T., & Nonaka, S. (2014). The long-term effect of perspective change on the emotional intensity of autobiographical memories. Cognition and Emotion, 28(2), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.822348

Simpson, S. D. R., & Dryden, W. (2011). Comparison between REBT and visual/kinaesthetic dissociation in the treatment of panic disorder: An empirical study. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 29, 158-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-011-0136-2

Sin, T. H., Fadli, R. P., & Ifdil, I. (2020). Effectiveness of Neurolinguistic Programming in reducing sport anxiety in athletes. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 19(1), 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000180

Stipancic, M., Renner, W., Schutz, P., & Dond, R. (2010). Effects of neuro-linguistic psychotherapy on psychological difficulties and perceived quality of life. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140903337077

Sturt, J., Rogers, R., & Armour, C. (2023). Reconsolidation of traumatic memories protocol compared to trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in UK military veterans: A randomised controlled feasibility trial. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 9, 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-023-01396-x

Tylee, D. S., Gray, R., Glatt, S. J., & Bourke, F. (2017). Evaluation of the reconsolidation of traumatic memories protocol for the treatment of PTSD: A randomized, wait-list-controlled trial. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 3(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.4120

Badania eksperymentalne w modelu pre-test post-test

Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2006). Emotion and vantage point in autobiographical memory. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 1193-1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930500371190

Bigley, J., Griffiths, P. D., Prydderch, A., Romanoswki, C. A. J., Miles, L., Lidiard, H., & Hoggard, N. (2010). Neurolinguistic programming used to reduce the need for anaesthesia in claustrophobic patients undergoing MRI. British Journal of Radiology, 83(986), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/12645998

Braganza, D. J., & Piedmont, R. L. (2015). The impact of the core transformation process on spirituality, symptom experience, and psychological maturity in a mixed age sample in India: A pilot study. Journal of Religion and Health, 54, 888–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0049-y

Gray, R. M. (2002). The Brooklyn Program: Innovative approaches to substance abuse treatment. Federal Probation Quarterly, 66, 9-16.

HemmatiMaslakpak, M., Farhadi, M., & Fereidoni, J. (2016). The effect of neuro-linguistic programming on occupational stress in critical care nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.174754

Hossack, A., & Bentall, R. P. (1996). Elimination of posttraumatic symptomatology by relaxation and visual-kinesthetic dissociation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090110

Kim, H., & Bae, J. (2018). Development and evaluation of group counseling program using neurolinguistic programming for alcoholics. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 27(2), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2018.27.2.98

Konefal, J., & Duncan, R. C. (1998). Social anxiety and training in neurolinguistic programming. Psychological Reports, 83(3 Pt 1), 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3.1115

Konefal, J., Duncan, R. C., & Reese, M. A. (1992). Neurolinguistic programming training, trait anxiety, and locus of control. Psychological Reports, 70(3 Pt 1), 819-832. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.819

Muss, D. C. (1991). A new technique for treating post-traumatic stress disorder. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(Pt 1), 91-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00926.x

Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15(4), 467-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(83)90016-6

Utuza, A. J., Joseph, S., & Muss, D. C. (2011). Treating traumatic memories in Rwanda with the Rewind Technique: Two-week follow-up after a single group session. Traumatology, 18(1), 75-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765611431835Wake, L., & Leighton, M. (2014). Pilot study using Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) in post-combat PTSD. Mental Health Review Journal, 19(4), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-08-2014-0026